Disability Terminology: A Simple Guide to Respectful Language

Talking about disability can feel tricky, but it doesn’t have to be. Using the right words shows you respect the person and helps everyone understand each other better. This guide gives you the basics you need to speak clearly and kindly.

Key Terms You Should Know

Person‑first language puts the person before the condition – think “person with a disability” instead of “disabled person.” Some people prefer identity‑first language like “autistic student,” so it’s worth asking what they like.

Physical disability covers things that affect movement, such as mobility impairments or visual loss. Intellectual or learning disability refers to challenges with learning, reasoning, or problem‑solving.

Mental health condition includes depression, anxiety, or bipolar disorder. These are not “illnesses” in the same way as a cold; they’re health conditions that deserve the same respect.

The term neurodivergent is used for people whose brains work differently – like those with ADHD or dyslexia. It’s a positive way to describe varied thinking styles.

Avoid dated words such as “handicapped” or “special needs” when they’re used as labels. They can sound patronising and don’t describe the person’s abilities accurately.

Tips for Using Inclusive Language

1. Ask first: If you’re unsure, ask the person how they prefer to be described. A quick, “How do you like to be referred to?” goes a long way.

2. Be specific: Instead of saying “the disabled group,” say “students with mobility impairments.” Specific language avoids lumping everyone together.

3. Stay current: Language evolves. Follow reputable sites, like disability rights organisations, to keep up with new terms.

4. Don’t assume ability: Just because someone uses a wheelchair doesn’t mean they need help. Offer assistance, but wait for a yes before acting.

5. Use the right pronouns: Some people use “they/them” or other pronouns. Respecting pronouns is as important as using the right disability terms.

Putting these habits into practice makes everyday conversations smoother and shows you care about inclusion. Whether you’re writing a report, chatting with a friend, or teaching a class, the right words build a more welcoming environment for everyone.